The Unholy Alliance and Historical Hellas: The
Fabricated Macedonian Question
by
Dr. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis
Economics/Finance Department
The Arthur J. Kania School of Management
University of Scranton
Scranton, PA 18510-4602
U.S.A.
(An Archaeological Perspective of the problem)
Abstract
The intention of this work is to provide, from an archaeological perspective, some information and a scientifically true analysis on the 8,000 years of Hellenic (Greek) history and to examine what this objective information means to us and to the world as a whole. We will offer some thoughts and unshaken archaeological findings and historic events that may help to answer questions concerning today’s conditions in south-eastern Europe (Balkans), the borders of the “Christendom” (currently, European Union). It is imperative that all scholars, politicians, decision makers, students, and intellectual human beings must have this information regarding an artificial state, Skopje, created recently between Greece and Serbia by some “unholy alliance”, because we are responsible, as educators, for all young people of this planet and we must tell them the plain truth in simple words, away from any political expediency, propaganda, and anti-scientific delusion. This new state has unlawfully chosen the Greek name “Macedonia” for its nation and Greece is objecting their aggressiveness and their expansiveness. It is historically wrong for them to use Greek names and symbols because they have nothing in common with Greeks or Macedonians and their old name was Vardarska Banovina.
I. Prologue
Hellenic history, culture, paideia, Orthodoxy, and civilization in general have contributed a great deal to the European and the entire western civilization that we find their seal everywhere, today; but they have also caused some strong enemies, due to envy. The democracy of ancient Greece,[1] the accomplishments of her people,[2] the great ideas of her moral philosophers,[3] scientists and artists,[4] and finally, the dramatic events which have unfolded in the glorious history of the Greek nation because of its geographical position and its persistence in Christian-Orthodox truth (the only Truth) have always been a source of creative inspiration to all nations.[5] Greece has truly improved mankind!..
The ancient Hellenic civilization is called the “classical” one; later the word “classical” became the source of standards by which subsequent achievements can be measured.[6] “There is a quality of excellence about Ancient Greece that brooks few comparisons.”[7] These peoples (Greeks) shared the same language (in an oral and written literature) and they recognized a common heritage “Hellenes” ( {Ellhne~), which they did not share with other men. They belonged, as they felt, to “Hellas”.[8] The non-Greeks were “barbarians”. The achievement and importance of Greece comprehended all sides of life. “The Greeks did more for future civilization than any of their predecessors.”[9] All Europe drew interest on the “capital” Greece laid down, and through Europe the rest of the world has benefited from what Greeks offered to human civilization. Alexander, the son of Philip, is one of those historical Greek figures called “Great”. He was a passionate Hellene,[10] who believed Achilles[11] was his ancestor and carried with him on his campaigns a treasured copy of Homer. He had been tutored by the greatest of all scientists and philosophers (<<panepisthvmwn>>), Aristotle. Alexander the Great had a staggering record of success, even though that he died at the age of 33 years old. The history of Europe and the history of the Western civilization is the history of the Greek-Christian civilization.[12] Indisputable, Roman civilization was descended from the earliest Greek (Hellenic) civilization.[13] Today, the European Union and the entire West have changed drastically because of so many influences by different agnostic sub-cultures. [The current] “European, or Western, civilization originated from the fusion of German (barbarian) culture and Roman (Hellenic-Christian) civilization during the Dark Ages from the 5th to the 10th century A.D.”[14] Of course, history repeats itself. There were even monetary and economic unions in Ancient Greece, i.e., “the Common of Euboeans”, in 2nd century B.C.,[15] where they issued a common currency, but they did not last for very long time because of the oppression by the strong members on their weak member-states.[16]
History, scientific truth, divine justice, morality, and human respect are social necessities and they require satisfaction. Divine Justice prevails at all times on individuals and nations. Each man enjoys existence according to his labor and his virtues and by himself he determines his future, his heritage, his nation and thus, affects the world. Mutual solidarity, joint responsibility, and real love are essential not only for the life of families, but also for the history of nations and the coexistence of this Cosmos (Kovsmo~ = order, ornament). Moral, ethical, and uncorrupted leadership is necessary to promote patriotism, indigenous value system, and the rights of a sovereign nation.
Today, the Hellenes (Greeks), even though that they are members of NATO and European Union (EU), remain ever-vigilant against the expansionistic plans of all their neighbors and especially now, since the fall of the communism, Skopjeans have begun to make claims against northern Greece.[17] They have spread far and wide propaganda that Macedonians are not Greeks and they style themselves as the true Macedonians (sic). They have spread lies and disinformation everywhere in every ignorant of history or controlled by the dark powers nations, as the United States, Canada, Australia, and Europe. But the question remains, how can they be Macedonians without being Greeks? And, how dared some nations to turn a blind eye to the historic and scientific truth and recognize this pseudo-state as “Macedonia”? It is obvious by now what is their objective and their future role in human history.
II. Archaeological Evidence
Historical and archaeological evidence point to the existence of Greek-speaking inhabitants occupying the rugged northern slopes of Pindos mountain as early as 2200-2100 B.C. These Greek tribes –thought to have split from the main bulk of the Indo-European family in the course of the 5th millennium- spread throughout the area known today as northern Greece. During the early centuries of the second millennium B.C. three basic groups can already be distinguished. First, the South-Eastern group made up Ionians; second, the Eastern group with its two linguistic subgroups,[18] one speaking the Arcadian and the other the Aeolian Greek dialect; and third, the Western group, mainly composed of the populous tribe of the Makedni (Makednoiv).[19]
Historically, Skopje (Vardarska) is far away to the north of the geographical borders of Macedonia. The half of today’s Skopje is part of North Greece (Greek Macedonia), which is under occupation (we can see it from all the Greek cities and villages that are in Skopje). Racially, Macedonians are Dorian tribes (Dwrikovn te kai; Makednovn e[qno~),[20] which settled after the 800 B.C. in Macedonia coming from Epirus and occupied other related Thracian tribes.
During the reign of Amyntas, Philip II, and Alexander the Great, the Macedonian rival was at its highest point. The fact that the ancient Macedonians belonged to the world of the Hellenes is hardly disputed by objective scholars.[21] Recent archaeological finds, in conjunction with linguistic analyses, the discovery of scores of new inscriptions with Greek personal and place names, the diffusion of Greek language and culture throughout the then known world by Alexander the Great and the Macedonians, establish the continuity of Greek culture in time and the strong bonds uniting the Macedonians to other Greeks geographically. The latest finds at Vergina and Dion fully corroborate this view.
Archaeological excavations during the last forty years have brought to light hundreds of ancient Greek cities, temples, palaces, theaters, and tombs, one of which is the famous tomb of King Philip, and many other treasures of an exquisite workmanship and design. Chronologically, they cover the most important periods of the Greek history from the Mycenaean up to the classical times. Their number has increased to such an extent, that in the years to come, they will very probably exceed those found of the southern part of the country, which was wrongly considered to constitute the main body of Greek antiquity. Therefore, when speaking of ancient Greece, one must have in mind her northern part as well (i.e., Macedonia, Thrace, and Epirus) and Asia Minor, too. Today, many archaeological treasures have sent their message of a Greek Macedonia[22] to every one who desires the truth.
Hellenic influence can be seen in Macedonia findings at Dion, Pella, Sindos, Vergina, Aiani, and Northern Macedonia (those parts of ancient Macedonia now belonging to Southern Skopje-Vardarska and South-Western Bulgaria). Architecture, sculpture, painting, decoration, artistic forms, city and street planning at these sites are all Greek! The inscriptions and depictions found on ancient Macedonia coins relate exclusively to Hellenic life and art. There are no ancient Greek coins in existence bearing foreign language inscriptions!
Under the Roman occupation, the Macedonian provinces thrived and attracted new settlers from East and from Italy, while Jewish communities made their appearance for the first time, after the destruction of Jerusalem by Romans.[23] Inscriptions prove, however, that as far as language is concerned most of these settlers were gradually Hellenized.
Of course, the archaeological treasures have largely contributed in assessing the achievements realized by ancient Greeks in Macedonia during the 4th Century B.C., and has led to the conclusion that throughout this period Greek art and technology had, actually, reached a climax of perfection; and, what is more, Macedonia the new Greek super power that has succeeded Athens after its decline constituted part of the ancient Greek world and a continuation of its civilization.
In addition, important evidence concerning the Hellenic origins of ancient Macedonians can be found in contemporary sources. They emphasize the difference between Macedonians (as Greeks) and others (non Greeks). Macedonians were distinguished from the alien barbarians around them who were described as warlike, blood-thirsty looters with tattooed bodies. There are, however, no contemporary sources that indicate ancient Greeks considered Macedonians as non-Greeks. In addition, two Persian inscriptions of the 5th and 6th Centuries B.C., present us with other strong evidence.
Thus, the final blow against Skopje’s claims are the Greek inscriptions of ancient Macedonia. The only other language found in Macedonia inscriptions is Latin from the Roman empire. These Latin inscriptions, however, are very few! The ancient Macedonians were Greeks. Research conducted at the Center for Greek and Roman Antiquities of the National Research Institute brings new proof of the Greekness of Macedonia. These are evidences that emerge from many years of studies of ancient texts, some six thousand inscriptions with subject the language of those inscriptions, the names of 10,000 ancient Macedonians, which have been recorded, and the institutions of the Macedonian nation.
The development of the Hellenic world by Alexander the Great[24] and his heirs is well known. Alexander the Great, a Greek-Macedonian, became Commander in Chief of all Greece, not only of Macedonia. His Hellenization plan offered foreign barbarians a Greek education. His heirs continued his work by promoting the Greek language from the Mediterranean Sea up to the Indus River,[25] thereby accomplishing the Hellenization of the ancient world. This period is, therefore, not called the Macedonian but the Hellenistic period!
Against every serious historical study and contrary to the archaeological findings, Skopjeans insist that they are directly descendants of Alexander the Great. Even though that it is well known that the basic national identity (language and ancestry) is undoubtedly Slavic. Are they Slavenized Greeks? This is true for a large proportion of their citizens, who are Greek-Macedonians and were forced to become Slavs. They tried to give a scientific tone and base to their ignorant of history assertions; they have gone in such great lies, which are inconceivable to be captured by human minds. Trojans an Arian tribe, as every one knows, were related to Greeks. Until now, we know that Turks claim that Trojans were their ancestors. But Turks came as nomads in that region after the 1000 A.D. Now, the Slavs from Skopje claim them. Were Trojans Slavic people or Turkish? These two nations (Skopje and Turkey) are both visitors of history in these Greek lands that they live (occupy) today!..
Also, Skopjeans reached the point to write that they have decoded Linear A (Grammikhv A) script and that it was Slavic language (sic). The contemporary “scholar” Beltsefski has written a “study”, in which she says that Iliad and Odyssey are written in a proto-Slavic dialect very closed to the so-called Slavomacedonian. In the American Library of Congress, in the entry “Macedonian language” says that “the oldest written monuments globally are in ancient Macedonian language” and many other improbable monstrosities. In other words, they destroy the science of History and the worst is that found co-conspirators of this unique crime. This is the evolution of science, today! It has nothing to do with the truth. We see astonishing rubbishes, here, and without any limits. Pseudo-scientists lead their students and the entire world to a fabricated delusion. This is actually, the era of misinformation!..
When the ancient writers were writing about Macedonians that they were speaking “Macedonian” (Makedonistiv), they were referring to a Greek dialect and not to a non-Greek language. In 1986, it was revealed a detachment of an inscription in Pella written in Macedonian dialect (dated around 380 B.C.). This is the famous damnation (katavdesmo~)[26] of Pella. This inscription, as well as others, which have in the mean time been unveiled, confirms without reservation the Greek character of the Macedonian dialect.
It is depressing for the Greeks to have to prove not only to the counterfeiters of history, the Skopjeans, but also to the civilized nations of the world, who ignore history or are occupied with their own socio-politico-economic problems, that the Greek treasures of Vergina, Pella, Dion, and of the entire Macedonia are Greek. The area of Skopje in ancient times was called Dardania and not Macedonia. This name can and must be given to the Skopjean Democracy.
Lastly, Skopje’s theory, supported by political expediency and propaganda regarding the control of the region as the ultimate objective, that the ancient Macedonians were not Greek is not the outcome of a scientific reassessment of existing evidence, but merely a tool to promote the fiction of Macedonian separateness even in that remote era. It contradicts the recent finds in Vergina and Dion of scores of tombstones all of which bear Greek names. These tombstones provide strong archaeological evidence of the Hellenic origins of the Macedonians. They prove that even ordinary people, not in any way connected with the royal family or the so-called “Hellenized elite”, bore ordinary Greek names like any citizen of Athens, Thebes, Corinth or Sparta. With the passage of time, almost a millennium, Slavs did settle in Northern Macedonia, but there has been no evidence whatsoever during the Byzantine Empire or later during the Ottoman Empire that any of these Slavs in any way merited singling out as a separate group and still less being labeled “Macedonians”. Greek historians support the view of most foreign scholars that such Slavs as lived in Macedonia in the 19th and early 20th centuries considered themselves to be Bulgarians as a rule.
IV. The Anti-Greek Unholy Alliance
On August 15, 1944, the Jewish descent marshal Tito (his true name was Josip Broz) renamed the province of Vardarska Banovina to “Macedonia”, hoping in future territorial claims against Greece. About 60 years later, an American (of misty origin), Matthew Nimetz, demands shamelessly from the Greek governments to recognize this Slavic province with the Greek name “Macedonia”. What ignorant of history and unlimited impudence that these assigners of the dark powers (unholy alliance) have! Even worse, the same happened with the communist leader of ELAS, Aris Velouchiotis ( [Arh~ Belouciwvth~), who promised to offer Macedonia to his Bulgarian comrades. This is part of a long historical fire sale and betrayal of Greece.
Unfortunately, EU (where Greece is a member since 1981) does not have a European foreign policy, an immigration policy, and a security policy for its members; it is divided into small powerless member-states and is manipulated; presently by the U.S. and later will be by some other power. A main example can be the Yugoslavia case, which has created serious other problems; like, the Kosovo,[27] the Great Albania (Muslim countries in Christian-Orthodox Balkans), and the famous “Macedonian Question”, with the arrogant Slavs of the South former Yugoslavia, Vardarska, having expansive prospects towards Greece, the true Macedonia.[28] This artificial nation is constituted by 800,000 Albanians, 500,000 Bulgarians, 100,000 Serbs, 100,000 Gypsies, 250,000 Greeks, and 300,000 Muslims of various nationalities. How can this welter of people call itself as “Macedonians”?[29] The most amazing was the alliance of Skopje with the enemies of Greece. Delegation from Skopje (Vardarska) went to North Cyprus (pseudo-state of Turks) to celebrate with these conquerors of the Greek Cyprus. Unfortunately, supporters of the enemies of Greece became their north “friends”, the pseudo-“Macedonians”. This is a Sacrilegious or Unholy Alliance (ajnivero~ summaciva) among the enemies of the Hellenic Orthodox civilization and its only true values.[30] Of course, there will be no future of this fabrication! “Europe was felt, too, to have failed in its handling of the Yugoslav question, which it saw virtually taken out of its hands by American intervention at the end of 1995, and the deployment of NATO’s forces as peace-keepers in a way unanticipated by its founders. There were still then, therefore, major obscurities over the future of European integration.”[31] Since, for more than half a century, the United States has been pursuing a grand imperial strategy with the aim of staking out the globe. The U.S. leaders have shown themselves willing to follow the dream of dominance no matter how high the risks. Their politics are of global control –from unilateralism to the dismantling of international agreement to state terrorism- cohere in a drive for hegemony that ultimately threatens our existence.[32]
The unprincipled government of Mitsotakis (N.D.) in 1992 gave the green light for the composite name to this artificial nation with the word “Macedonia” in it as FYROM. On February 2, 1992, the foreign ministers of the EEC (EU) rejected the name “Nova Macedonia”. Also, on October 2, 1992, the U.S. candidate for the presidency, Bill Clinton, declared in writing that “I support the recent decision of the European Union according to which the former Yugoslav Republic was recognized as independent nation with the condition not to include in its name the word ‘Macedonia’.” But, on April 7, 1993, the General Assembly of the U.N. voted for the recognition of this new nation (and Greece voted the same way) with the name as “Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”. This was the ill-omened day that was recognized (was born) the first and the only one non-Greek nation with the Greek name “Macedonia”.
Of course, it is well known and provable that, the name of the province of Skopje (currently and wrongly, FYROM) was “Vardarska or Vardar with capital Skoplye”.[33] There is nowhere the word “Macedonia”. During the German occupation the name of the region was “Banovina Vardarska”. But, as was mentioned above, Tito gave to this province the name “Makedonija”. Today, the true history is falsified and delineated.[34] If we do not teach the true history, in a few years no one will know anything about the historical truth. The new generations will learn only what serves the future plan of this suspicious global injustice.[35] Lately, in December 2007, the little state of Skopje started an embargo for the Greek products because on the boxes it was written “FYROM” and the customs, there, return them back to Greece by saying that “there is no state with this name, return to sender”.[36] Also, the U.S. through “NATO pressed Greece to let Macedonia join the alliance,”[37]but the Greek government opposed it, at that time. The reason is that Skopje usurps the Greek name “Macedonia” and the Greek history and symbols, which can be used only by Greece for her north geographical region and not by any other nation. They are, actually, thieves of Greece identity. How is it possible for Skopjeans to live with this big lie? This is a very serious crime and the international community must be informed and isolate the robbers of history. Of course, Greeks have the right and the obligation not to allow Skopjeans encroachers to use the Hellenic name Macedonia for their artificial state.
Unfortunately, on February 17, 2008, Albanians in Kosovo, with the support from the U.S. and the EU declared independence in Kosovo/Metohija without the UN approval. This is the worst humanitarian crisis in the 21st century and is going to spread to the entire region. A new Balkan war is smoldering and the hope of the people of the region is God and their Russian brothers. This is the plan of the “dark powers” for a very long time and their followers and subalterns (the unholy alliance, U.S.A., EU, etc.) are committing this unique crime.[38] United States is against Muslims allover the world, except the Muslim Albanians in Kosovo, in Albania, in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and in Skopje.[39] Amazing inconsistent politics! The EU was split, with Rumania, Cyprus, Spain, and several other EU countries condemning Kosovo’s secession as illegal. Unfortunately, 17 of the EU’s 27 nations, including Germany, France, Britain, and Italy, said they would recognize Kosovo.[40] Also, Croatia, Hungary, and Bulgaria said they would accept Kosovo independence.[41] The amazing is that a U.N. court acquitted Kosovo’s ex-premier of war crimes during the 1998 battle to take over Kosovo, the cradle of Serbia, from Serbs, where it belongs.[42] The worst so far was that, Kosovo Serbs were kidnapped in 1999 and taken to Albania to have their organs harvested, a former chief prosecutor said at The Hague.[43] Where are the justice and the international law that these international institutions must preserve? Everything is subjective and unjust in this falling world of politically correctness.[44] Americans, already, started advertising vacations in Kosovo as, “Europe’s unlikely charmer, for travelers willing to forgo some luxuries, newly independent Kosovo offers breathtaking mountains, unspoiled medieval architecture and stunning monasteries”.[45] Actually, nothing is Albanian and Muslim, there. Then, how the “democratic”, “fair”, and “just” west committed this crime against Serbs? The traditional Europe is disappearing day by day with all these anti-humane actions. For example, two brothers from Kosovo were convicted of running a drug ring that supplied half of Western Europe’s heroin.[46] Also, Serbia arrested 10 former Kosovo Albanian guerrillas suspected of involvement in killings and abductions in 1999.[47] The next major problem with Albanians will be Greece and Skopje. This artificial state (Skopje) has almost been occupied by Albanians and the Great Albania (the dream of Austria and of the rest of the west) will be a reality. Greece has so far received more than one and a half (1,500,000) millions, illegal mostly, Albanians, who create daily problems (robberies, assassinations, rapes, drugs, mafia, and others) and the Greek government is doing nothing. A report from CIA states that “the continuing migration of Albanians to Greece creates serious problem to the country”.[48]
Methodically, the U.S. continues its cold war against Russia and tries to make members of NATO all the previous members of the Soviet Socialist Republics. Putin warned that Russia could aim nuclear weapons at Ukraine if it joins NATO and accepts U.S. antimissile defenses.[49] Russia is against the declaration of independence of Kosovo by the Muslim Albanians, which are supporting by the U.S.A. and the EU. Russia’s Dmitry Medvedev (the leader after Putin) visited Serbia and signed a pipeline deal, a signal that his foreign policy would follow Putin’s policy towards Europe and their spiritual brothers in Balkans.[50] In a NATO summit in Bucharest, Romania, on April 2, 2008, Croatia and Albania were accepted as its new members. Greece vetoed Skopje’s entrance to NATO because of it irreconcilability by using the Greek name “Macedonia” and the Greek symbols and history for its new and without identity nation. Three other EU nations (France, Spain, and Italy) were supporters of Greece’s just rights. President Bush came out disappointing from this outcome because he was a strong supporter of Skopje’s membership to NATO and also after the veto that Germany and France put against Georgia’s and Ukraine’s membership.[51] Furthermore, President Nicolas Sarkozy made a case that his country might rejoin NATO’s military structures, but he put some conditions. Among them, France must maintain freedom to decide whether to send troops to an operation and NATO would not compete with the European Union’s defense plans.[52] In addition, Gates told NATO allies that they will be expected to share the cost of a planned expansion of the Afghan army.[53]
Geopolitically, the developments of the latest years in Balkans and especially, the energy crisis and the supply of energy by Russia to Europe, made the tiny state of Skopje particularly important as a satellite of the American politics in that region. The giant American military base, Camp Bondsteel (3.86 km2), which starts from Kosovo and reaches Skopje,[54] as well as the plans of Americans for a second base in Skopje, have as goal to encircle and control militarily the entire region. For this reason, the U.S. tries to preserve unity inside of this fictitious nation of a mosaic of people. George Soros is investing heavily for this purpose and the U.S. tries to put this pseudo-nation into NATO.
Finally, after the dissolution of Yugoslavia nothing is the same in Balkans anymore, but the so called “Macedonian question” would have died at its birth if Greece had hurried to inform international public opinion with the historic scientific truth. Greece did not do this from superficiality or because it suited the politics of her “allies” in Balkans[55] or because she was certain that the world could not accept this falsification of history. This was a major mistake on the part of Greece and as we can see during the last few years, the Skopje propaganda has transferred its chair to West Europe, United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries and it still continues its criminal tactics against Greece and contrary to the science of history.
IV. Epilogue and Archaeological Inferences
The role of Hellenism is historic and humanistic –and as time passes the vast majority of people will realize it- because it was able many times in the past to re-orientate humanity. Hellenism is a global movement of ancient moral philosophy combined with the revealed truth of Christianity, the Holy Orthodoxy. Its advantage exists in the adoption of the moderation, the spiritual, the eternal, and the truthful, and at the same time in the rejection of the exaggeration, the materialistic, the transitory, and above all the bold lie. How many today understand this unique culture, which is called the Hellenic Orthodox Culture ( JEllhnorqovdoxo~ Paideiva)? The race, which possesses this culture, has the unique ability to reach the highest accomplishments and surpass the pathless degeneration of the human civilization left behind in every historic period. The universal ideas of Hellenism constitute an inexhaustible source of alternating everlasting values. The principles of Hellenism that have changed the intellectual trends of humanity throughout history, have been born to this small geographical region, which for three thousand years obstinately resists the undermining efforts of the “civilized” world and the hordes of barbarians, and the current unholy alliance. One representative of this race is Alexander the Great, the Macedonian Greek commander of the army who civilized the world and refined and united Hellenism.
As we have mentioned above, the name “Macedonia” was given by Tito and was used for this Yugoslav province only since 1945, but it was identified for many centuries with Greek civilization and Greek history. Their neighboring Greeks are reasonably disturbed when the name of Macedonia becomes subject to abuse by a region, which ethnologically is not Greek, but Albanian, Vlach, Serb, Gypsy, Turkish, Slavic, and Bulgarian. It is characteristic and suspicious that the two first countries recognized this new government was Bulgaria and Turkey. The stability of the region would be better served by the denial of recognition or by saying to these people and the entire world the historic truth. Finally, if Skopjeans feel that they are Macedonians, let them open their borders and unite with Greece, then, they will become Greeks and at the end they will be Macedonians. Consequently, for someone to become Macedonian, he has, first, to become Greek because the true Macedonians were, are, and will be only Greeks ( {Ellhne~ th`~ Boreivou JEllavdo~).
It is clear when, objectively examined, that the “Macedonian Question” for Greece cannot exist and the “Macedonian Problem” is a non-issue.[56] The legal status quo of the northern borders of Greece are determined with international treaties, like the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), which ended the second Balkan War, and the Peace Treaties at the end of the two World Wars, of Neigy (1919) and of Paris (1947). Also, Macedonia is a geographic concept and not an ethnic notion. In fact, only one country can identify herself, for historical reasons, with Macedonia. That country is Greece, which has been inextricably linked with Macedonia for more than 4,000 years.
Unfortunately, Greece has no territorial claims against neighboring states even though a vast area of her is still under occupation. She regards all borders, which have been consecrated with international treaties and which have been legalized (ratified) with the Final Act of Helsinsky as inviolable. Considering Greek Macedonia, the ethnological homogeneity of the area renders her un-attackable from the various claims that have appeared in the past with the pretext of minority demands. It is natural, for someone to consider the existence of this problem and in the long-run it can include risks, which are possible to involve, the sensitive area of Balkans, into new tribulations. For this reason, Greece looks positively to every effort, which tends to reduce this formerly intense dispute peacefully and fairly and hopefully the international community will assist her, without giving up her historic rights.
For these reasons, Greece has opposed the recognition of an independent nation on her northern border, which will bear the Hellenic name “Macedonia” or a composite of it. Of course, this does not mean that Greece is against the Skopjeans right to establish their own independent nation and have their own language, their own feasible history,[57] and their Slavic traditions. All people have the right to self-determination of their future; of course, this choice is confined within the limits of international law (or legality). Greece, however cannot accept the use of the Macedonian name by any nation, which is in all other respects Slavic. The terms “Macedonia-Macedonians” and names of similar relevance belong to Hellas and Hellenes (Greece and Greeks). They constitute Greece’s national and cultural inheritance and as such have been recorded in history and have been proven archaeologically for many centuries before the appearance of Slavs in the area of Balkans and especially in the area of Macedonia.
Large sections of countries that dream the non-existent historically “Aegean Macedonia” were historically under Greek control and those countries that transgress against Greece today are “inhospitable of the history”. Greeks will never cease, as the Greek race to claim their lost national lands. It is their national duty to state matters concerning Greek Macedonia, both inside and outside of Greece, exactly as they are to restore the historical truth that expediency, misguidance, and calculating interest continue to counterfeit and distort. It is necessary for the preservation of their unique Greek Orthodox Culture, that every one be in good conscience and that Greece permanently “guard Thermopylae”. This duty must not be the subject of a transient alert or mobilization, but the constant care of the current and future citizens of the historic country, Hellas, especially with the latest trend of globalization, which does not respect the borders and the sovereignty of independent nations.
The fact, that the ancient Macedonians belong to the world of Greeks, is very difficult to dispute any longer. The new archeological treasures in connection with linguistic analyses and the findings of a great number of new inscriptions –all Greek– with rich samples of Greek names prove that there is no discontinuation of either cultural or linguistic of the unity of the Macedonians with the rest of the Greeks.[58] Also, the spreading of the Greek language and the Greek civilization and culture to the entire known world from the Macedonians of the Alexander the Great constitutes the most categorical confirmation of this event. This event is confirmed every year by the new archeological findings that are coming to light either at the large excavations of Pella, Vergina, Dion, and Sindos, or in dozens less known, like in areas of Voion, Aeani, Kozani, Kastoria, Florina, Edessa, Aridaea, Kilkis, Kavala, and of course, Thessaloniki and Chalkidiki (Petralona), and others.
Greece, every Greek, and every one who has an objective knowledge of history are opposed to Skopje’s name as “Macedonia”. Skopje’s peoples are not properly a distinct nation, but belong, by language and culture, to one or another, or perhaps all three of the neighboring Slavic states (they have nothing in common with Hellenic Macedonians). Recognition of Skopje as “Macedonia” is historically, scientifically, and morally wrong. Skopjean propaganda in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, and other papers around the world is unconscionable, constant, and provocative.[59] If Skopje were to give up the policy of misappropriating the term “Macedonians”; if it were to adopt, for instance, another term, (such as “Vardarians” or “Dardanians” or “Sclavinians”)[60] in order to designate the Slav inhabitants of South Yugoslavia and possibly certain émigré groups who share her views; the Greeks, naturally, would have no quarrel with this state of affairs.
Nevertheless, despite differences with Skopje on these issues, Greek-Serbian relations are positive on many domains as both sides realize the mutual benefits of good, friendly, and cooperative and neighborly relations. But, both nations realized that Skopje and Kosovo have been put between Greece and Serbia by other powers (the unholy alliance), which are against these two homodox nations. Greeks, Serbians, Bulgarians, Russians, Rumanians, and all the other Eastern European nations have something in common that is not common to this world, we cannot find it anywhere else. They are “brothers in Christ”, Christian Orthodox nations and have to be united.[61] We hope that Skopje will realize its historic and anti-scientific mistakes and go back to its true name, “Vardarska”. After the collapse of communism, the cosmos awaits these peoples’ contribution to its history and Greece can play once more an important role in their re-Christianization and promotion of peace and prosperity in the Balkans, which have to be independent from any foreign influence.
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[1] See, Jones (1997).
[2] See, Kebric (1997) and Kitto (1987). And all these were possible with the grace of God (Holy Providence).
[3] See, Marchant and Todd (1997)
[4] See, Pedley (1998).
[5] But, at the same time, Hellas faces a lot of opposition from heretics (heterodoxs), other religions (allodoxs), and especially from the enemies of the True God because of her traditional Orthodoxy and her Hellenic paideia.
[6] With their wisdom, like: “Moderation in all things” (Pa`n mevtron a[riston), they set the foundations and advanced the world.
[7] See, Davies (1998, p. 95).
[8] Hellenes had the same blood, the same language, and the same religion (o{maimon, oJmovglwsson kai; oJ-
movqrhskon), according to Herodotus ( JHrovdoto~), 5th century B.C. See, Kallianiotis (2007, p. 179).
[9] See, Roberts (1997, p. 43).
[10] See, Roberts (1997, p. 47).
[11] See, Homer’s Iliad.
[12] The European civilization was a Hellenic-Orthodox civilization up to the 9th century A.D., before its barbaric invasions from West and North. See, Sakarellos (2005).
[13] See, Jones (1997), Kebric (1997), Vasiliev (1980), and Paparrigopoulos (2003).
[14] See, Blum, Cameron, and Barnes (1970, p. 4).
[15]
See, Vranopoulos (1995, p. 168).
[16] This is exactly what we see in EU today and we hope that it will have the same results as in ancient times (abandonment of euro) for the benefits of European citizens.
[17] In 1948, Cominform, the first official forum of the international communist movement since the dissolution of the Comintern, put into action a plan to take hostage to communist countries children from Greece during the Greek civil war. The aim was to re-educate the children as well as blackmail the populace and the Greek government towards reaching a settlement leading to a partition of Greece and the subsequent creation of an internationalist "Macedonian" Republic. This move has favoured by the Yugoslav dictator Josip Broz Tito and had been a Comitern policy aimed at destroying the national states of the Balkans through the creation of internationalist republics. Today several FYROM sources claim........ or at least believe the abducted children were FYROMacedonian.
[18] The most ancient skull surgical operation took place 2,800 years ago, in ancient Avdira or Abdera ( [Abdhra) in Thrace. These were the ancient Greeks and their amazing civilization!
[19] Makednos (Makednov~) means long/tall (makos=mikos=length). The people of this region were makedni (tall people) for this reason they were called “Makedones” (Makedovne~).
[20] See, Herodotus ( JHrovdoto~, JIstorivai, H 43).
[21] Scholars who are not paid by any Skopjean organization or are not part of the anti-Hellenic propaganda or are not instruments of the dark powers or they respect themselves and their science and want to provide only the scientific truth of their discipline.
[22] As well as of a Greek Northern Thrace, Northern Epirus, Eastern Rumelia, Eastern Thrace, and the entire Asia Minor, which are Greek regions for over three thousand years.
[23] The Siege of Jerusalem in the year 70 A.D. was a decisive event in the First Jewish-Roman War. It was followed by the fall of Masada in 73 A.D. The Roman army, led by the future Emperor Titus, with Tiberius Julius Alexander (many Roman leaders were considering Alexander the Great as god) as his second-in-command, besieged and conquered the city of Jerusalem, which had been occupied by its Jewish defenders in 66 A.D. The city and its famous Temple were destroyed in 70 A.D. The destruction of the Temple is still mourned annually by the Jewish. The Arch of Titus, depicting and celebrating the Roman sack of Jerusalem. Jewish have spread to allover Greece since that year and have contributed greatly to Greece’s undermining, as they claim.
[24] Alexander the Great Hellenized the entire world because he was a Hellen ( {Ellhn); he did not Macedonized the world and no Macedonian language was spread anywhere because such a language did not exist.
[25] With this language the Gospel (=good announcements) was spread to all over the world.
[26] This damnation is as follows in the ancient language, which very closed to today’s modern Greek:
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I do not think that there is any need for comments for the Macedonian dialect. It is just a plain Greek language. Then, what the pseudo-historians are saying is just a big lie. There are many academics, which have proven that the Macedonian dialect is a North Greek dialect. Many Classical Lexicons support this view, too.
[27] Kosovo said the IMF voted to accept it as a member, a major but unfair step to global recognition of this Serbian region as an independent state. See, The Wall Street Journal, May 6, 2009, pp. A1 and A8. On November 2, 2009, Albanians in Kosovo made the unveiling of a statue of Bill Clinton, who invaded Serbia in 1990s and gave Kosovo to Albanians that abused the Serbian hospitality. If this is justice, what can be the absolute injustice? TV News ALTER, November 2, 2009.
[28] See, Kallianiotis (1992, 2010a, b, and c).
[29] See, Giavnnh C. Kouriannivdh, <<Tov Makedonikov, tov Politikov Katesthmevno kai; tov Patriwtikov
Kivnhma>>, e-grammes.gr, November 4, 2007.
[30] TV News ERT, November 17, 2007.
[31] See, Roberts (1997, p. 652).
[32] See, Chomsky (2004).
[33] See, Encyclopedia SOPENA-Nuevo Diccionario Ilustrado de la Lingua Espanola, Barcelona, 1936, pp. 980-981.
[34] See, Kallianiotis (1992, pp. 58-59) for the names of the people of this region: “Vardarians or Dardanians or Sclavinians”, but never “Macedonians”.
[35] See also, e-grammes.gr/November 13, 2007.
[36] That was the reaction of this artificial nation, which is using illegally the Greek name “Macedonia” for its name. Greece must have put an embargo since 1991 and to continue it until they will change their name. Of course, the trend is that this state very soon will be part of Albania. This is the choice of the dark powers, which is carrying out by their followers, the unholy alliance. See, e-grammes.gr, << [Aschma neva ajpov tav Skovpia>>, December 14, 2007.
[37] The Wall Street Journal, March 7, 2008, p. A1.
[38] TV News MEGA, ALPHA, ALTER, February 17, 2008. But, “Kosovo and Metohija was and must remain an integral part of Serbia, in accordance to the Chapter of the United Nations, Security Council Resolution 1244, as well as according to all relevant international conventions on human rights, the rights of peoples and on the inviolability of internationally recognized borders.” (Holy Synod of Bishops, February 18, 2008).
[39] Switzerland had a referendum on November 29, 2009, to ban the construction of minarets on mosques and 58% voted in favor of the minaret ban. (The Wall Street Journal, December 2, 2009, pp. A1 and A12). Unfortunately for Europe, Saudi Arabia is pouring hundreds of millions of pounds into Islamist groups in the Balkans, some of which spread hatred of the West and recruit fighters for jihad in Afghanistan. According to officials in Skopje, Islamic fundamentalism threatens to destabilise the Balkans. Strict Wahhabi and Salafi factions funded by Saudi organisations are clashing with traditionally moderate local Muslim communities. Fundamentalists have financed the construction of scores of mosques and community centres as well as handing some followers up to £225 a month. They are expected not only to grow beards, but also to persuade their wives to wear the niqab or face veil, a custom virtually unknown in the liberal Islamic tradition of the Balkans. Government sources in traditionally secular Skopje, said they were monitoring up to 50 Al-Qaeda volunteers recruited to fight in Afghanistan. Classified documents seen by The Sunday Times reveal that Skopjean officials are also investigating a number of Islamic charities, some in Saudi Arabia, which are active throughout the Balkans and are suspected of spreading extremism and laundering money for terrorist organisations. One of the groups under scrutiny is the International Islamic Relief Organisation from Saudi Arabia, which is on a United Nations blacklist of organisations backing terrorism. It did not respond to inquiries, but has previously denied involvement in terrorist activities, calling such claims “totally unfounded”. According to its website, it works in 32 countries to provide relief to the victims of natural disasters and to carry out humanitarian, health and educational projects. “Hundreds of millions have been poured into Skopje alone in the past decade and most of it comes from Saudi Arabia,” said a government source. “The Saudis’ main export seems to be ideology, not oil.” Sulejman Rexhepi, leader of the Islamic community in Skopje, said that a number of mosques had been forcibly taken over by radical groups. Four in central Skopje are no longer under the control of the official Islamic authorities. New imams claim they have been “spontaneously” installed by the “people”. “Their so-called Wahhabi teachings are completely alien to our traditions and to the essence of Islam, which is a tolerant and inclusive religion,” said Rexhepi. In some mosques believers are being told that Skopje, which sent 200 soldiers to Iraq and Afghanistan, has been tricked into supporting a crusade against Islam spearheaded by Britain and America. Radical clerics have shown footage from Afghanistan, Iraq and the Palestinian territories to illustrate their claims that the West is waging war on Islam. Rahman, a 35-year-old cab driver from Skopje (the capital of the state) said, he had stopped going to his local mosque since it was taken over by extremists. “Following the Haiti earthquake the new imam said, God would punish the West for their wars in Afghanistan and Iraq with natural disasters,” he said. Bekir Halimi, an imam trained in Syria, runs Bamiresia, an Islamic charity that has been investigated for alleged terrorist links and money laundering. Police raided its offices but failed to find any evidence of terrorist links. “We are fully entitled to receive funding from both governmental and non-governmental organisations from Saudi Arabia,” said Halimi, who refuses to name the sources of his funding, but rejects any suggestion of criminal activity. Skopje’s law enforcement agencies warn that the European Union and America have failed to recognise the growing problem of Islamic extremism in the Balkans. Baroness Ashton, the EU foreign policy chief, has declared stability in the region to be her top priority, but local politicians complain that the EU and NATO are reducing their presence in troublespots such as Bosnia and Kosovo. In February 2010, Bosnian security forces raided a village strongly influenced by Salafi extremists and found a weapons cache. In raids elsewhere rifles, bombs, and rocket-propelled grenades have been uncovered. The West has put considerable political and financial efforts into helping build democracy in Bosnia following its civil war in the 1990s. Saudi organisations have also asserted considerable influence, giving more than £450m to build more than 150 mosques and Islamic centres. In Skopje, Fatmir, a former disc jockey, explained how he became an adherent of Salafism. The father of two has grown a beard and instructed his wife to wear a niqab. He now makes his living by selling Islamist literature. “Ours is the Islam of the 21st century,” he said. (Sunday Times, March 28, 2010).
[40] These nations as anti-Orthodox were, are, and will be against Orthodoxy and against Orthodox nations. It is nothing new in the behavior of these heretics. The biggest enemy for Europe has been proven to be so far, the European Union. Of course, the 57-country Organization of the Islamic Conference supported the independence of Kosovo, which is predominantly Muslim and they had sent mercenaries fighting against Serbians during 1990s, committing innumerous crimes, but EU and the U.S. ignore all these because of their hatred against Orthodoxy. Turkey and Albania offered formal recognition to this illegal pseudo nation. (The Wall Street Journal, February 19, 2008, pp. A1 and A6). A State Department official said the following outrageous excuse that, “U.S. recognition of Kosovo was an exception to a policy of discouraging secession”. (The Wall Street Journal, March 13, 2008, p. A1).
[41] The Wall Street Journal, March 20, 2008, p. A1. This was expected because Croatia and Hungary have territorial claims against Serbia, but the Orthodox Bulgaria doing it is surprising. Unfortunately, Bulgaria is going always with the powerful ones (Germans, Americans, EU, and not with what is right or legal).
[42] See, The Wall Street Journal, April 2, 2008, p. A1
[43] See, The Wall Street Journal, April 12-13, 2008, p. A1
[44] The followers of lies wanted to legalize and impose their delusion to all human beings by invented the term “politically correct” for covering all their wrong doings (politically correct<!--[if gte vml 1]> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]-->absolutely wrong).
[45] The author writes: “The newest nation on earth is Kosovo, the war-ravaged region of the former Yugoslavia. … At the foot of the breathtaking mountains ringing Kosovo lie two magnificent Greek Orthodox monasteries designated as Unesco World Heritage sites. … Most Kosovars will look at you warily-until you tell them you are from the U.S., which led the bombing of the rampaging Serbian forces in 1999. Pristina, the capital, has a Bill Clinton Street and a Robert Dole Street. … Pristina is Kosovo’s drab capital, whose name refers not to an era of abundant street cleaners, but rather to the ancient king of the Ilyrians, the ancestors of Kosovo’s ethnic Albanians. (sic)” See, The Wall Street Journal, June 27, 2008, pp. W1-W12. What a historic mess is this propaganda from these controlled reports!
The lies, the propaganda, and the false identity for the conquerors Albanians continue by this poor western writer (Stan Sesser). This is the problem of the unreliable West, they try to rewrite history to justify their crimes against humanity.
[46] See, The Wall Street Journal, October 31, 2008, p. A1.
[47] See, The Wall Street Journal, December 27-28, 2008, p. A1.
[48] See, Voanerges, Issue 39, September-October 2008, p. 95.
[49] The Wall Street Journal, February 13, 2008, p. A1.
[50] See, The Wall Street Journal, February 26, 2008, pp. A1 and A4.
[51] U.S. has built a military base in Kosovo of about 4,000 m2 and it is building another one in Skopje and for this reason it wants to accept these new “anti-Balkan” nations in NATO. See, TV News MEGA and ALTER, April 2, 2008. Also, The Wall Street Journal, April 2 and 3, 2008, pp. A1 and A8 and A1 and A7. Many people are questioning the role of NATO today, after the end of the cold war. The Wall Street Journal, April 2, 2008, p. A13.
[52] In 1966, President Charles de Gaulle withdrew France from NATO’s military command as he sought to reassert France’s independence from the U.S. (The Wall Street Journal, June 18, 2008, pp. A1 and A8).
[53] The U.S. tries to enforce the payments of its costly and deadly mistakes, policing the world, on its poor NATO allies. (The Wall Street Journal, September 20-21, 2008, pp. A1 and A11).
[54] The United States Army has been criticised for using the base as a detention facility, and for the conditions faced by the detainees, there. In November 2005, Alvaro Gil-Robles, the human rights envoy of the Council of Europe, described the camp as a "smaller version of Guantanamo" following a visit. The German newspaper Weltwoche reported, "A German report by the Berlin Institute for European Policy, produced last year on behalf of the German army... is particularly critical of the role of the US, which had obstructed European investigations and which had been opened up to political extortion by the existence of a secret CIA detention center on the grounds of Camp Bondsteel, Kosovo...” In response, the US Army stated that there were no secret detention facilities in the Camp. While there is a facility on Camp Bondsteel that was used in the past to hold detainees from the war in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan, it is no longer operational and no one is held, there.
[55] The “allies” care only for their counties’ interest and not for Greece’s interest. The Greek politicians are responsible for the safety and security of their country and have to say “NO” to any ally or enemy, who act against Greece’s interest.
[56] Professor Stephen G. Miller of Berkley University sent a letter to the Archaeology Magazine, where he proves that the region where Skopje is today was Paeonia and Skopjeans have no right to call their nation “Macedonia” and themselves “Macedonians”. See, Christianiki Bibliographia, Issue 42, Year 38, January-March 2009, pp. 21-23.
[57] Skopjeans try very hard to rewrite history, but a nation cannot be founded on a historic lie. The most significant post-Yugoslav change in the myth of descent was the attempt to include the ancient Macedonians in the national narrative. This effort was clearly related to Greek opposition against the name Macedonia for the new state as well as against the use of the 16-pointed sun of Macedonia, associated with Philip II of Macedonia, as the state symbol. Skopjean historians challenged Greece's exclusive ownership of the symbols and territory of the ancient Macedonians in order to back up their claims to the name and land of Macedonia and to create their own ancient national patrimony. In his introduction to Nade Proeva's Studies on the Ancient Macedonians, Petko Kuzman wrote,“Macedonian history cannot be treated otherwise than as a historical continuity from the creation of the name Macedonia until today.” This discourse is intended to substantiate the Skopjeans’ claim to a homeland, to the territory of their ancestors, and to a long national pedigree. The landscape of Macedonia is instilled with ethnic virtues reaching far back into the past that can be mobilized in current disputes over claims to a particular territory. Significantly, the first volume of the revised seven-volume “History of the Macedonian People” devotes more than two hundred pages to ancient Macedonia and the Roman occupation, while the first edition, published in 1969, allocated only some twenty pages to that period. The main claim is that the ancient Macedonians were not Greeks, but a different, non-Hellenic people who joined in the ethnogenesis of the Macedonian people by melting into the Slavs who had come to the region in the 6th and 7th centuries. Actually, this is a desperate process by Skopjean pseudo-historians to create a non-existent nation.
[58] There are and it will be another series of articles by the author examining the Macedonian question from these perspectives.
[59] The question here is, why are these papers and the majority of the other news media that determine public opinion so biased? How can we trust their subjective news and their prejudice information? Of course, in academics, we have to search only for the truth and nothing else. Dark powers are financing these papers very heavily.
[60] These names have been used in the past for the inhabitants of Skopje and as toponyms of that region. The ancient Macedonians annexed Paeonia, but they never annexed the region around Scupi (Skopje), which belonged to Dardania. The historically correct name for Skopje, then, is Dardania. The name of the province of Skopje (currently and wrongly, FYROM) was “Vardarska or Vardar with capital Skoplye”. See, Kallianiotis (1992, pp. 58-59).
[61] See, Kallianiotis (1994).
